TECHNO REVIEW Journal of Technology and Management
UGC Guidelines on Peer-Reviewed Journals TECHNO REVIEW Journal of Technology and Management (TRJTM) is an international, peer-reviewed, refereed online journal dedicated to publishing high-quality scholarly research in the fields of technology, engineering, and management. The journal provides a global platform for academicians, researchers, industry professionals, and scholars from diverse geographical regions to disseminate original research, innovative ideas, and critical perspectives. TRJTM publishes articles addressing both theoretical and empirical issues of international relevance, including case studies with global and regional practical implications, research on learning and teaching methodologies across international academic environments, and critical reviews of recently published books of global scholarly interest. Unlike conventional journals that focus on narrowly defined subject domains, TRJTM adopts a multidisciplinary and inclusive approach, facilitating cross-border knowledge exchange and wider dissemination of research across the international scientific and academic community. Journal Information Journal Title: TECHNO REVIEW Journal of Technology and Management (TRJTM) Year of Start: 2021 ISSN (Online): 2583-0716 Publication Frequency: Quarterly (Four Issues per Year) Subjects: Engineering and Technology, Computer Science, Management Language: English Peer Review Process: Double-Blind Peer Review Accessibility: Open Access Plagiarism Screening: Turnitin Publication Mode: Online Contact Information Phone: +91 9328490029 Email: editor@technoreview.co.in Website: https://technoreview.co.in/index.php/TRJTM/index Address: D-302, Surya Kiran Heights, Behind Gayatri Mandir, Kalol-382721, District Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
Role of Government Policies in Promoting Entrepreneurship
In modern economies, entrepreneurship is a primary driver of economic growth, innovation, and job creation. Government policies are critical for creating an environment that promotes the growth and sustainability of entrepreneurial ventures. This article examines how institutional frameworks, financial aid, regulations, and government activities promote entrepreneurship. Policies that simplify company procedures, make finance available, encourage talent development, and invest in infrastructure can help to reduce new business barriers. Government programs promoting inclusive entrepreneurship, innovation, and small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) help to develop the entrepreneurial climate. The paper underlines how successful government efforts encourage economic growth, competitiveness, and social advancement while also encouraging the formation of new firms.
The Digital Divide and Social Inequality in Contemporary Society
The rapid expansion of digital technologies has transformed modern societies by influencing economic activities, education systems, communication patterns, and political participation. However, unequal access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) has created a phenomenon known as the digital divide. This divide reflects disparities between individuals and social groups in terms of access, skills, and outcomes related to digital technology. The digital divide has become an important sociological issue because it reinforces existing inequalities such as income disparities, educational differences, and social exclusion. This paper examines the relationship between digital inequality and social stratification by analyzing theoretical perspectives and previous research. It reviews literature on the development of the digital divide concept, discusses the role of socioeconomic factors in shaping technological access, and highlights the consequences for marginalized communities. The study concludes that bridging the digital divide requires coordinated social policies, educational initiatives, and inclusive technological development to ensure equitable participation in the digital society.
Optimization of WSN PLEACH to Ensure Optimised Lifetime of the Network
The PLEACH protocol is a chain-based routing approach used in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to reduce energy consumption and improve network throughput. However, a major limitation arises during data aggregation at the cluster head (CH), as the CH may exhaust its energy before forwarding all aggregated packets, resulting in increased packet drop ratio and reduced network reliability. To overcome this issue, the protocol is enhanced by incorporating a buffering mechanism in the form of a queue along with a multi-attribute cluster head selection strategy. In the modified approach, if the cluster head depletes its energy, the remaining aggregated packets are temporarily stored in the queue instead of being lost, and the newly selected cluster head retrieves and forwards these packets to the base station. Additionally, cluster head selection is based on multiple parameters, including maximum residual energy and minimum distance to the base station, ensuring efficient energy utilization and reliable data transmission. The proposed enhancement achieves better performance in terms of lower energy consumption, reduced packet drop ratio, and improved network throughput compared to the conventional PLEACH protocol.
Digital migration and the regulatory experience in Zambia
This paper analyses the shift from analogue to digital television broadcasting in Zambia. The migration significantly changed the media environment, introducing substantial changes for TV stations, channels, and content suppliers. The transition offered numerous advantages, including superior audio and video quality for an improved viewer experience. This paper employs a qualitative, descriptive research methodology based on comprehensive review of existing literature, policy documents, and reports concerning digital television migration in Zambia. A key technical benefit was efficient use of radio frequency spectrum through multiplexing, freeing up bands for services like mobile broadband. The digital platform expanded content availability, fostering greater competition and supporting local content producers. Economically, the transition stimulated growth by creating jobs and boosting local industries through demand for digital equipment. However, significant challenges persisted, notably high implementation costs for infrastructure and equipment, technical complexities requiring qualified personnel, and risk of widening the digital divide due to accessibility issues in rural areas. The Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) oversaw this transition with successes but struggled with ensuring universal access and managing financial and technical aspects.
Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA)
Socio-Economic Influences on Digital Literacy: Insights from Generation Z in Sikkim
Background: In Sikkim’s rapidly evolving digital environment, digital literacy has become essential for Generation-Z, shaping their academic, professional, and entrepreneurial opportunities. The state’s ongoing digital transformation, driven by increased access to technology and AI, raises critical questions about how socio-economic factors may influence the development of digital competencies in this cohort. Objectives: This study investigates the association between digital literacy levels and key socio-economic variables-such as gender, age, educational qualification, educational institution, field of study, family annual income-among Generation-Z university students in Gangtok. Methods: This study used a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design to examine the association between digital literacy levels and demographic variables among 100 Generation-Z university students in Gangtok. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering digital skills and demographic details. Cross-tabulation and chi-square tests were performed using Jamovi 2.6.44 software to identify statistically significant associations. The digital literacy level was measured through a composite score based on self-assessed proficiency across various digital domains. Results: The analysis revealed a statistically significant association between educational qualification and digital literacy level, with postgraduate students demonstrating higher proficiency than undergraduates. No significant associations were observed for any other socio-economic variables, though minor trends indicated higher digital engagement among certain lower-income students. Conclusion: Academic qualification significantly impacts digital literacy levels among the students surveyed. The findings highlight the need for targeted digital skill-building interventions, particularly for undergraduates, and advocate for performance-based assessment methods to more accurately gauge student competencies. These insights support the development of inclusive digital literacy strategies aligned with India’s broader digital empowerment goals.
Phishing Detection Using Deep Learning: A Systematic Review
Phishing is one of the important cybersecurity threats and hence requires advanced mechanisms to detect it. This review paper discusses Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques about phishing detection that focus on the capability of detecting spatial patterns from URLs, and URL-based phishing detection. The studies that were in this review show character-level CNNs, which give as high as 98.58% accuracy, in which such subtle manipulations in URLs can be identified but there have been challenges such as training time is long. Hybrid models, such as CNN-LSTM integration, achieve an accuracy of 98.34% but are highly dependent on PhishTank data, reducing their applicability. Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) by another author provides an accuracy of 98.95% but the efficacy for real-time applications hasn't been proven. While CNNs are excellent at pattern structure (such as text-to-image translation), problems such as data set bias and computational power make scalability difficult. Future research should focus on lightweightness, varying datasets and hybrid models that will increase the real-world deployability and counter polymorphic phishing.
Determinants of Bifacial Solar Panel Adoption in Gujarat: Assessing Economic, Environmental and Behavioural Influences
This study looks at the elements that influence customer purchasing behaviour for bifacial solar panel installations in Gandhinagar, India. Bifacial solar panels, which generate electricity from both sides, are more efficient and provide longer-term economic benefits than regular solar panels. Despite these advantages, the rate of adoption is determined by a variety of factors, including customer understanding, environmental concerns, government incentives, technology advantages and perceived economic benefits. employed a quantitative research approach. data were systematically collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed through correlation analysis and multiple regression Modeling. The findings show that all five factors have a substantial and favourable impact on customers' choices to install solar panels. The biggest predictor was perceived economic benefit, suggesting that customers are still motivated by return on investment and long-term savings. By lowering perceived financial risks and boosting trust in solar technology, government incentives and technological benefits also had a significant impact. Adoption was positively impacted by environmental concern and bifacial panel awareness, albeit to a significantly smaller degree. The robustness of the suggested framework was confirmed by the model's explain 61% of the variance in customer purchasing behaviour. The results emphasize to combine technological, financial and informational tactics to increase the uptake of renewable energy.
The Role of Green Finance in Supporting Climate-Resilient Practices: Evidence from India’s Manufacturing Sector
This study investigates the role of green finance in promoting climate-resilient practices within India's manufacturing sector. The research explores how these tools can empower marginalised communities and tribal populations to participate in sustainable development. India’s industrial sector needs to be aligned with sustainable development in the context of climate change. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and tribal people are still outside the formal green finance system.This study also emphasises the adoption, barriers and opportunities for digital financial services. The study examines policy gaps, access challenges, and digital inclusion strategies through qualitative approaches. This study analyses the acceptance, barriers and potential of Digital Financial Services or DFS by following the Access-Usage-Quality or AUQ model. This study highlights the potential of green finance to bridge socio-economic disparities. The study identifies multifaceted challenges such as digital illiteracy, infrastructure deficits, gender discrimination and cultural resistance. This is based on interviews with bankers, members of self-help groups and industry experts. It also enhances environmental sustainability and strengthens climate resilience. The study also found that there is huge potential for inclusive financial services through community-based digital learning and local language-based FinTech operators. Lastly, this study provides some insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and development stakeholders in India. Green finance will enable indigenous peoples and SMEs to adopt climate-resilient approaches by following these steps. Eventually, it will help to ensure sustainable industrial development and social equity.
Optimizing Artificial Intelligence Performance through Mathematical Modelling and Statistical Evaluation
The improved accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) has intensified the need for robust theoretical frameworks that ensure reliability, efficiency, and scalability of intelligent systems. While empirical success has driven much of modern AI development, sustained performance optimization increasingly depends on sound mathematical modeling and rigorous statistical evaluation. This paper examines how mathematical structures and statistical methodologies contribute to optimizing AI system performance across learning, inference, and decision-making processes. Core mathematical tools such as linear algebra, calculus, optimization theory, and dynamical systems are analyzed for their roles in model formulation, parameter estimation, and convergence behavior. Complementarily, statistical techniques including probabilistic modeling, statistical learning theory, uncertainty quantification, and hypothesis testing are explored as mechanisms for evaluating model robustness and generalization. The study adopts a systematic analytical approach grounded in established theoretical literature and representative case-based evidence, highlighting how mathematical and statistical principles guide model design choices and performance assessment. Emphasis is placed on understanding trade offs between model complexity, computational efficiency, and predictive accuracy. The paper further discusses how statistical evaluation metrics and validation strategies support objective performance comparison and reliability assessment in complex AI systems. By integrating mathematical modeling with statistical evaluation, the paper provides a unified perspective on performance optimization, offering insights relevant to next generation AI applications in data intensive and safety critical domains. The findings underscore that mathematically and statistically grounded methodologies are essential for developing AI systems that are not only powerful but also interpretable, stable, and trustworthy.
A Comparative Study of Homological Dimensions in Commutative and Non Commutative Rings
Homological dimensions serve as essential invariants in algebra, providing insight into the structural complexity of rings and modules and offering a framework for comparing different algebraic systems. This paper presents a detailed comparative study of homological dimensions in commutative and non commutative rings, emphasizing the theoretical distinctions that arise due to the presence or absence of commutativity. Key homological invariants, including projective dimension, injective dimension, flat dimension, and global dimension, are analyzed to elucidate their role in module theory and ring classification. The study explores how non-commutativity introduces asymmetry between left and right module categories, resulting in divergent homological behaviors that do not appear in commutative contexts. It further examines the impact of these differences on the application of classical homological techniques, including resolutions and dimension theoretic arguments. By synthesizing established results from homological algebra, category theory, and ring theory, the paper provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the comparative structure of modules over commutative and non commutative rings. The findings reveal that homological dimensions are highly sensitive to the underlying algebraic structure, and non commutative rings often exhibit richer, more complex homological phenomena. These insights not only enhance our understanding of algebraic invariants but also have implications for related areas such as representation theory, module classification, and computational algebra. Overall, this work offers a rigorous theoretical foundation for further exploration of homological dimensions and serves as a guide for researchers studying the interplay between ring structure and module-theoretic properties.
A Generalized Homological Characterization of the Radio k- Coloring Problem via Path Covering and Hamiltonian Properties of Graph Complements
This paper presents a comprehensive generalization of the relationship between the radio k–coloring problem and the path covering problem in finite simple graphs. A radio k–coloring of a graph G is defined as an assignment of non-negative integers to its vertices such that |f(u) − f(v)| ≥ k + 1 − d(u, v) for all distinct vertices u, v ∈ V(G), where d(u, v) denotes the distance between u and v. The radio k–chromatic number, rck(G), represents the minimum span of such a coloring. Extending the earlier work of Georges et al. (1994) on the L(2,1)–coloring problem (k = 2), this study develops a generalized characterization for all integers k ≥ 2, establishing a strong link between rck(G) and the path covering number of the complement graph Gᶜ. It is shown that for graphs G that are triangle-free or whose complement Gᶜ contains a Hamiltonian path in each component, the upper bound rck(G) ≤ n(k − 1) + r − k holds, where n is the order of G and r = c(Gᶜ) is the path covering number. The paper also provides necessary and sufficient conditions for equality and extends these results to various graph classes, including complete multipartite, circulant, and join graphs. This generalization establishes a deeper combinatorial and structural connection between graph colorings, Hamiltonian properties, and path covering theory, providing an analytical foundation for further exploration of radio labeling in complex graph families.
Gender Bias in Corporate Leadership- A Study of selected Pharmaceutical Industry of Gujarat
The study titled “Gender Bias in Corporate Leadership – A Study of Selected Pharmaceutical Industry of Gujarat” investigates the persistent issue of gender inequality in leadership roles within Gujarat’s pharmaceutical sector, a significant contributor to India’s economic and industrial landscape. Despite the industry’s growth and the increasing participation of women in the workforce, leadership positions remain predominantly male-dominated. The research explores how gender bias—both conscious and unconscious—manifests through stereotypes, unequal opportunities, and organizational barriers that impede women’s advancement. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, the study employs semi-structured interviews with male and female leaders, mid-level managers, and employees from selected pharmaceutical companies in Gujarat. Thematic analysis of responses reveals that male-centric organizational cultures, limited access to mentorship, work-life balance challenges, and biased evaluation systems serve as primary obstacles to women’s leadership progression. The findings further show that gender stereotypes often shape perceptions of competence and leadership capability, causing women leaders to face double standards compared to their male counterparts. Although some firms have initiated diversity and inclusion programs, the lack of consistent implementation and accountability continues to limit their impact. The study concludes that dismantling gender bias requires a multi-pronged approach—reforming recruitment and promotion policies, establishing transparent advancement frameworks, enhancing mentorship opportunities, and cultivating inclusive corporate cultures that recognize women’s leadership potential. Addressing gender disparity in leadership not only fulfills an ethical and social imperative but also strengthens organizational innovation, decision-making, and overall performance. The paper thus contributes to the growing discourse on gender equity in leadership and provides practical insights for fostering inclusivity within Gujarat’s pharmaceutical industry.
A Study on the Economic Gap between Farm Gate Prices and Urban Retail Costs at Katasvan (Village), Vyara, Tapi
Agriculture continues to serve as the cornerstone of India’s rural economy, yet farmers frequently experience a disproportionate share of returns compared to the retail prices paid by urban consumers. This study investigates the economic gap between farm gate prices and urban retail costs for key agricultural commodities—tomato, onion, potato, brinjal, and chilli—in Katasvan village (Vyara Taluka, Tapi District, Gujarat). The research employs both primary and secondary data, integrating direct farmer surveys with urban market price observations for the year 2022–2023. Descriptive and comparative analyses reveal significant disparities between farm gate and retail prices, ranging from 110% to 280%, primarily driven by multi-layered intermediaries, inadequate storage, and limited direct marketing access. The findings highlight the urgent need for policy interventions, such as strengthening Farmer-Producer Organisations (FPOs), enhancing digital market linkages, and expanding cold-chain infrastructure to ensure fair price realisation. The study contributes to the discourse on rural economic sustainability by offering insights into price transmission mechanisms and value-chain inefficiencies in India’s agricultural markets.
Study of Cloud-Based Health Monitoring Systems
Cloud-based health monitoring systems (CBHMS) have revolutionized modern healthcare by enabling real-time monitoring and remote access to patient data. These systems integrate cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance medical diagnostics, treatment, and patient care. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of CBHMS, focusing on their architecture, benefits, challenges, and prospects. The study highlights key technological advancements, security considerations, and the potential of emerging innovations like AI-driven analytics and blockchain to improve healthcare delivery.
Investor Perceptions of Cryptocurrency: A Study as an Alternative Investment Instrument
Cryptocurrency has quickly become important in the global financial scene, and it is also becoming more popular with Indian investors. But because it is quite volatile, the government doesn't seem to be clear on how to regulate it, and it is hazardous, investors still have mixed feelings about it. This study examines the perception of cryptocurrency among Indian investors from this standpoint. The research indicated that investors' perceptions are predominantly influenced by technology-driven optimism, anticipations of substantial returns, insufficient regulatory and institutional safeguards, and individual risk tolerance. Young investors who are good with technology are more hopeful because of new technologies and the chance to make money. Older investors who aren't as good with technology are still wary because of market volatility and security issues. Additionally, global and local occurrences, including the exchange collapses of FTX and Mt. Gox, have impacted Indian investors' skepticism and prudent dispositions. The research indicates that investor perceptions extend beyond mere economic advantages to encompass psychological, social, and behavioral aspects. This study seeks to comprehend the influence of investor views, their risk tolerance, and regulatory safeguards in evaluating the behavioral inclinations of Indian investors and their prospective acceptance of cryptocurrencies.
Subliminal Advertising and Its Role in Shaping Consumer Buying Habits: A Gujarat Perspective
The topic of subliminal advertising has been a subject of controversy since 1958, when James Vicary published a study claiming that inserting subliminal messages such as "Drink Coke" and "Eat Popcorn" during a movie led to increased sales at the refreshment stand (Russel, Rowe, & Smouse, 1991). Subliminal advertising refers to marketing techniques that operate below the threshold of conscious awareness—employing stimuli that are not intense enough to be consciously perceived but can still influence mental processes and behavior. In this research, the objective is to examine the effect of subliminal advertising on consumer behavior among consumers in Gujarat state. The study adopts a descriptive research design and utilizes a non-probability convenience sampling method. A sample of 457 consumers from Gujarat state was selected, and the data collected were analyzed using SPSS software. The findings reveal a surprisingly moderate level of awareness regarding subliminal advertising among the participants and indicate a noticeable influence on their consumer behavior.
Innovative Approaches in the Study of Group Rings: From Foundational Structures to Modern Applications
The study of group rings represents a profound and fertile intersection of two core branches of abstract algebra: group theory and ring theory. A group ring, denoted as R[G] or RG, is an algebraic structure formed from a group G and a ring R. It is simultaneously a free module and a ring, constructed to encapsulate the properties of both its constituent components. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the foundational principles of group rings and to explore the innovative approaches that have propelled this field from a purely theoretical discipline into an interdisciplinary area with significant applications. This paper argues that a key driver of innovation is the growing role of computational methods and the discovery of unexpected connections between abstract algebraic properties and practical problems in fields such as cryptography, coding theory, and theoretical physics. Specifically, the paper will discuss the foundational axioms of groups and rings, the formal construction of group rings, and critical properties such as semisimplicity and the unit group. It will then detail the status of long-standing open problems, including Kaplansky's conjectures, and conclude with an analysis of contemporary applications and a forward-looking research agenda.
Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Techniques in Library Management: Challenges and Measures
In 21st century, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed all the human activities and the libraries are not exception to the same. Many of the AI techniques such as Machine Learning, Intelligence Retrieval from Databases, Expert Systems, etc. are user-friendly applications to library services. Even some of the conventional library techniques and services such as library classification, cataloguing, etc. are also influenced by AI techniques. The paper throws light on the AI techniques and application of the same in library management.
A Study on Factors Affecting Foreign Exchange Rate of India (Foreign Exchange Reserves & Inflation)
In simple language, the term exchange rate represents the value of one nation’s currency in relation to another. It determines how much of one currency be exchanged for another and plays a crucial role in international trade and finance. Many a times referred to as the foreign exchange rate or we can say FOREX rate, it influences economic stability, trade competitiveness, and investment flows between countries. Exchange rates are determined in the forex market, a global marketplace where various participants engage in continuous currency trading, operating twenty-four hours a day except on weekends. The spot exchange rate represents the current value at which currencies are exchanged. In contrast, the forward exchange rate is an agreed-upon rate set today for a transaction that will be executed on a future date. In both developed and developing nations, various stakeholders such as foreign exchange investors, exporters, importers, banks, businesses, financial institutions, and travelers base their decisions on exchange rate fluctuations. Changes in exchange rates affect the value of international reserves, influence the competitiveness of exports and imports, determines the cost of repaying foreign debts, and impact travel expenses by altering the purchasing power of a currency. Therefore, fluctuations in exchange rates greatly influence the business cycle, trade dynamics, and capital movements within an economy. Understanding these changes is vital for analyzing financial trends and evaluating shifts in economic policy.
Environmental Impact and Management Challenges in Marble Mining Projects in Rajsamand District
Marble mining in Rajsamand District has significant environmental implications, including deforestation, groundwater depletion, air pollution, water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and habitat destruction. This study assesses the extent of environmental degradation caused by mining activities and examines the key challenges in effective environmental management. A survey of 450 respondents, including industry professionals, environmental regulators, government officials, researchers, and local community members, provided insights into the major concerns associated with marble mining. The findings indicate that inadequate enforcement of environmental regulations, limited community engagement, financial constraints, and technical challenges significantly hinder effective environmental management. One-sample t-test results confirmed that these factors have a statistically significant impact, leading to ineffective mitigation efforts. The study highlights the urgent need for stricter regulatory frameworks, improved financial and technical support, and enhanced stakeholder collaboration to promote sustainable mining practices. Addressing these challenges is crucial for minimizing environmental damage and ensuring long-term ecological balance in marble mining regions.
Fuel Price Fluctuation and Profitability of Petroleum Company in Regulated Market of Rwanda
Fuel price volatility remains a critical challenge for petroleum companies operating in regulated markets. This study examined the impact of fuel price fluctuations on the profitability of petroleum firms in Rwanda, with a particular focus on Vivo Energy Rwanda Ltd. The research aimed to assess the role of supply chain efficiency, macroeconomic variables, and pricing formula components in shaping profitability. Guided by Harold Hotelling’s theory of non-renewable resource pricing, the study employed a descriptive and correlational research design, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A purposive sample of 30 respondents, drawn from petroleum company management and regulatory bodies, was surveyed. The results indicated that supply chain efficiency significantly enhances profitability, as evidenced by a mean score of 2.80 (SD = 1.297). Inflation, a key macroeconomic variable, was found to influence fuel price adjustments (mean = 2.40, SD = 1.380). Furthermore, respondents expressed skepticism about the pricing formula's reflection of international oil prices (mean = 2.27, SD = 1.258). The study concluded that improving supply chain systems, effectively managing macroeconomic risks, and periodically reviewing pricing mechanisms are essential for sustaining profitability in a volatile fuel market. Recommendations include strengthening supply chain strategies, adopting financial hedging, and revising pricing models to better reflect global trends.
Career Agility and Organizational Resilience: Responding to the Job Hopping Generation
The phenomenon of job hopping defined as frequent voluntary changes in employment within short time spans has become increasingly common in today’s dynamic labour market, particularly among millennial and Gen Z professionals. This research explores current job-hopping trends, their underlying drivers, and the strategic implications for employee retention policies across different sectors. By analysing patterns across age groups, industries, and organizational types, the study uncovers key factors such as career advancement, value alignment, flexibility, and dissatisfaction that influence employee mobility. Through case studies of organizations like Google, Deloitte, and Unilever, the paper highlights innovative practices in internal mobility, learning and development, and flexible work models that effectively respond to job hopping behaviours. The findings suggest that retention in the modern era must move beyond traditional incentives to focus on career customization, employee engagement, data-driven HR analytics, and well-articulated employee value propositions. The study concludes with strategic insights for workforce planning and outlines potential areas for future research, emphasizing the need for agile, purpose-driven, and personalized retention strategies in a rapidly evolving employment landscape.
Blueprint for Sustainability: Empowering Green Business under Viksit Bharat 2047
Businesses need to adjust to environmental, social, and economic concerns in a world that is changing quickly. By seeing the links between these problems and forecasting potential opportunities and hazards, the sustainability framework helps organizations manage this complexity. For businesses to succeed in the long run, sustainability must be incorporated into their strategies, even though it is sometimes seen as a wide and complicated topic. Achieving objectives without endangering the capacity of future generations to meet their needs is commonly referred to as sustainability, and it encompasses three essential dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. This concept, sometimes referred to as the "triple bottom line," highlights how important it is for companies to balance these factors in their operations. Within the Indian setting, the Viksit Bharat 2047 mission promotes environmentally and socially responsible business practices. The current study proceeds in a methodical and thorough manner, starting with a thorough examination of the fundamental ideas and theories pertaining to inclusive green growth, growth strategies, and company sustainability. The second section of the study, which explores the practical aspects of business practices at different scales—from multinational corporations (MNCs) to micro, small, and medium-sized companies (MSMEs)—is set up by this theoretical framework. It suggests customized approaches for every level of the company, guaranteeing flexibility, creativity, and durability in ever-changing economic landscapes. The study's third section offers three strong case studies of well-known Indian companies that have effectively put into practice scalable and reliable strategies in line with both national and international goals. These actual cases serve to illustrate successful implementation and encourage replication. Although this section is optional based on the reader's interest or area of application, the essay also discusses significant implementation-phase problems such workforce preparedness, technological adaption, and regulatory obstacles. Lastly, the study directly links the suggested tactics to India's national objective, Viksit Bharat 2047, and aligns them with the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN.
Voice Search Optimization (VSO) and Its Role in the Future Consumer Behavior
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the role of Voice Search Optimization (VSO) in influencing current and future consumer behavior. With rapid changes in internet usage patterns, particularly the proliferation of voice assistants and smart devices, consumers are now increasingly using spoken language to access information. Platforms such as Google, Amazon Alexa, Siri, and Cortana are making the consumer experience more conversational and intuitive, thereby changing traditional marketing strategies. This research uses descriptive and analytical methods to study how VSO is becoming an essential element in digital marketing strategies. Preliminary data show that 70% of consumers in the 18-35 age group regularly use voice search, and a large segment of companies are now making their content voice search friendly. The study also found that the importance of long and natural language keywords has increased in voice search. Along with this, the demand for content in local languages and concerns related to data privacy have also emerged. Ultimately, this research shows that voice search technology is not only transforming the search process of consumers, but it is also inspiring brands to think and act in new directions.
Stakeholder Participation and Performance of Funding Educational Materials for Disadvantaged Children in Rwanda
Purpose: This study assessed the impact of stakeholder participation on the performance of educational material funding projects for disadvantaged children in Rwanda, focusing on International Teams Rwanda. Methods: A descriptive research design was used, with a sample of 92 respondents including project staff, stakeholders, and beneficiaries. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Analysis was conducted using SPSS v23, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. Results: Findings revealed that stakeholder participation in project planning enhanced performance by increasing community acceptance and fostering a sense of ownership. During implementation, stakeholder contributions in cash, labor, and materials significantly improved project outcomes. Participation in monitoring and evaluation positively influenced performance through feedback provision; however, reporting clarity remained a challenge, with mixed responses from participants. Conclusion: Effective stakeholder engagement in planning, implementation, and evaluation significantly improves project performance in terms of timeliness, scope, budget adherence, and quality delivery. The study recommends strengthening stakeholder involvement to enhance transparency, accountability, and community empowerment in non-governmental projects in Rwanda.
Assessment of Authentication Methods Through Qualitative Metrics
These days, the internet is an essential tool for all fields. Every aspect of life—individuals, organizations, businesses, trade, and governments—is subject to safety regulations for their online actions. For e-cash and identification papers to be accessible with a particular level of validity, they require various authorization and certification. Nonetheless, any entity's security and privacy in the digital realm are invariably compromised in one way or another. Authentication is in progress to confirm the identity of the person wishing to use a system's resources. However, there is a trade-off between these methods' security and usefulness. This study examines the state-of-the-art authentication techniques, methodologies, mechanisms, and protocols currently used. Given the growing use of authentication and the academics' apparent lack of interest in efficiency, it seemed relevant to examine it from an efficiency standpoint. Consequently, various efficiency-related cues are obtained, which may lead to the creation of both successful and efficient authentication methods.
The Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Automation on Human Resource Practices: A Comprehensive Research Overview
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation are profoundly reshaping Human Resource Management (HRM), transitioning HR from a traditionally administrative function to a strategic business partner. This report provides a comprehensive research overview of this transformation, examining the diverse applications of AI across core HR practices, including talent acquisition, onboarding, performance management, learning and development, employee engagement, and administrative task automation. It synthesizes the significant benefits, such as enhanced operational efficiency, data-driven strategic decision-making, and personalized employee experiences. Concurrently, the report critically analyzes the inherent challenges and ethical dilemmas, with a particular focus on algorithmic bias, data privacy and security, the potential for job displacement and skill gaps, and the imperative for transparency and human oversight. Mitigation strategies and best practices for responsible AI adoption are discussed, emphasizing robust governance, data quality, algorithmic audits, and workforce upskilling. The future trajectory of AI in HR points towards more sophisticated innovations like Agentic AI and hyper-personalization, further evolving the role of HR professionals into ethical stewards and strategic integrators of technology. Ultimately, the report underscores the necessity of a balanced approach, integrating technological advancements with human-centric values to foster effective, equitable, and engaging workplaces where AI augments human capabilities.
The Role of Psychometric Testing in Strengthening Employee Retention and Organizational Success
Employee retention remains a significant challenge for organizations worldwide, impacting productivity, morale, and financial performance. This paper explores the critical role of psychometric testing as a predictive and strategic tool to enhance employee retention. Psychometric assessments—including personality, aptitude, and emotional intelligence tests—offer valuable insights into individual behavioural traits and cognitive abilities that influence job fit, engagement, and turnover risk. By integrating psychometric data with retention goals, organizations can make data-driven decisions in recruitment, talent management, and leadership development. This alignment facilitates personalized interventions, fosters a culture of fairness and psychological safety, and supports continuous monitoring of workforce dynamics. The research highlights the practical implications for HR practitioners, emphasizing how psychometric testing can be leveraged to mitigate common retention challenges such as employee disengagement, turnover, and misalignment with organizational culture. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that strategic use of psychometric tools contributes to building a motivated, resilient, and committed workforce, thereby sustaining organizational success in a competitive environment.
Revolutionizing Healthcare: The Role of IoT in Remote Patient Monitoring and Telemedicine
The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in remote patient monitoring (RPM) and telemedicine is transforming healthcare delivery by enabling real-time data collection, predictive analytics, and personalized care. This paper explores how IoT facilitates continuous health monitoring through wearable devices, smart sensors, and connected medical equipment, significantly improving chronic disease management and reducing hospital readmissions. It examines key applications, including virtual consultations and AI-driven diagnostics, while highlighting successful platforms like Teladoc Health and Philips eICU. However, the implementation of IoT in healthcare faces challenges, including interoperability issues, data security risks, regulatory compliance, and high adoption costs. Ethical concerns such as patient privacy and algorithmic bias further complicate widespread deployment. Addressing these barriers requires standardized protocols, robust cybersecurity measures, and collaborative efforts among policymakers, healthcare providers, and technology developers. The study concludes with a call to action for stakeholders to invest in IoT-driven solutions, enhance digital literacy, and develop inclusive frameworks to maximize the technology’s potential. By overcoming these challenges, IoT can revolutionize healthcare, making it more accessible, efficient, and patient-centric.
Examining Investor Preferences for Post Office Savings: A Rural-Urban Comparison in Himachal Pradesh
This study investigates the investment preferences associated with Post Office Saving Schemes (POSS) in both rural and urban areas of Himachal Pradesh, with a focus on identifying the key factors that drive investor decision-making. It analyzes differences in risk tolerance, return expectations, accessibility, and financial literacy that influence investment behavior in these government-backed schemes. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, the study collected primary data from 400 participants (200 from rural areas and 200 from urban regions) through structured questionnaires and interviews. The results indicate that rural investors tend to prioritize capital safety and assured returns, whereas urban investors show a greater preference for diversified and higher-yield financial instruments. Statistical analysis confirms that variables such as income level, educational attainment, and financial awareness significantly shape investment choices. The findings offer policy-relevant insights, emphasizing the importance of tailored financial literacy initiatives and the development of customized savings products to promote broader financial inclusion.